The Gemara on 56b discussed this in the context of the overarching discussion of the “Seven Commandments for All Descendants of Noah.” The Gemara there brings the list of the Tana of Menasheh’s Academy and then presents an opinion that Adam was given three commandments: 1) Don’t do idolatry, 2) Don’t blaspheme God, and 3) Establish a civil court system. These are derived from the verse that relates God’s command to Adam not to eat from the Tree of Knowledge (Bereishis 2:16-17):
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